Population's Composition

Population is studied for its age as young, adult and elder according to formation stages, labor activities and retirement, respectively. Young people are under 14 years, adults between 15 and 64 elder over 65.

Population pyramids are types of charts that represent basic statistic data of population (like sex and age) of a region, a country or demographic trends.

In the pyramids, population or generation segments are represented trough horizontal bars that split from a common axis: men are to the left and women to the right.

The higher the age of a generation (young, adults and senior adults) the higher the likelihood of death, so it can be presumed the number if members of the generations could be lower as long as age increases in pyramid segments.

In shown the typical triangular shape of population pyramids, where generations of lower age are more numerous  than higher segments, which results on high birth and death rates.

Expanding= young   Stationary=Adult    Contracting= Old 

In countries like Germany, there is a reduced birth rate and mortality or death rate decreases of people of 65 years or over, that will represent an stationary pyramid or adult one. This represents a higher potential of productivity but also higher demands in terms of food, housing, transportation and work.

In countries like Brazil or Mexico, young population predominates and their demands are mainly related to schools, health assistance, and afterward jobs.

Activity #
Complete the table from the worksheets given.

Absolute, Relative Population

The population growth has not been equal between  the large regions of the world. World's population is distributed this way:

80.75% in developing countries

19.25% in developed countries 

First of all, let's understand the difference between developing and developed countries. The developing country is a nation with low living standard,  high population growth, undeveloped industrial based and low resources to live. 

A developed country is a nation that is highly developed economically speaking and also advanced technological infrastructure. Birth rate is lower than others. 
Take a look at the map to identify which countries are in each category. 

Economic Development

Nowadays the world's population grows at a rate of 77 million people per year, highlighting six countries for its notable increase: India, China, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and Indonesia. 

To study population we need to know its density, (relative population) which means how many people live per square kilometer . For this purpose,  the number of inhabitants (absolute or total population) is divided between the extensions where they live, in the following way:

Total Population/ Land extension (area)= Population density (inhab/km2)

For example, Mexico and the United States' extensions, our country is smaller, their population density are 50 and 31 respectively, as you can see, it all depends of the territory. Another example is China and India which are the highest in total population but their relative population (density) is not that high due to their high extension of territory.

Answer to Activity #1-Definitions

Definitions 
1.- Population: organisms or species of the same group that live in the same area. 
2.- Demography: the study of human population
3.- Birth Rate: number of births per 1000 people in one year. 
4.- Death Rate: number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
5.- Population Growth Rate: the average annual percent in population change.
6.- Total Population: group of people that lives in a certain area 
7.- Relative Population:relation of the number of people and the area it occupies.
8.- Migration: physical movement from one area to another. 
9.- Emigrants: leaving one country to settle in another 
10.- Immigrants: settling down in another country or area that is not yours. 

Renewable- Non Renewable

How do we know if a resource is renewable or non-renewable???

žRenewable resources: a natural resource that can be used to benefit people and can then be replaced for other people to enjoy.

žNon-renewable resource: a resource that is in limited supply and cannot be replaced once it has been extracted and used.

žFor example, perhaps your shirt and jeans are made from cotton, which comes from a plant. Farmers harvest the cotton crop every year, but the plants grow back and produce more. Cotton, like Incense-cedar trees and all growing plants and trees, are renewable resources! Young saplings grown in nurseries can be replanted to grow a new forest as well as a forest can grow from natural regeneration of the seeds.

žNon-renewable resources are things that are extracted or mined from the Earth, such as petroleum, coal and metals. These resources were created many millions of years ago, when the Earth was forming. Once they are taken out of the ground, they are not replaced. Since there is only so much oil, and the earth cannot replace the oil that is pumped out, we will eventually run out of this non-renewable resource.

Activity #9 and #10 

1. Copy this information into your notes.

2. Choose a partner, you are going to create a collage in your iPad (with images) about Natural Resources

3. Make a short description about it. Explain if it's renewable or non renewable, where we can find it, etc. 

.. Earth's Layers Foldable ..

This is your project, We will do it during the week

You will need: 5 blue sheets of paper, a copy your teacher will provide, glue, markers or color pencils, pen.  


Make an Earth's Layer's Foldable©! Using the copy your teacher gave you. 
NOTE: Please follow the directions carefully!

1. Color the four layers using this guide:
  Inner  Core  -  red
 Outer Core - red-orange
  Lower  Mantle  -  orange
  Middle  Mantle  -  light  orange
   Upper Mantle- Yellow
  Crust- blue for oceanic crust and brown for continental crust 

2. Fill out the small squares with the information for each of the main layers of the Earth, using your notes.

3. Now you may cut out the layers! Also cut out the four squares and the 12 labels. Remember to cut out The Earth's Layers title. DO NOT LOSE THEM! 

4. Set a piece of 8 by 11 blue paper in front of you. Closely trim the title. Paste The Earth's Layers title in the top left corner of the paper (or bottom right corner after you have folded and stapled the pages together--see Image).

5. Paste the Crust on the top of the first blue paper, to the left of center on the page--see Image.

6. Set a second piece of 8 by 11 blue paper on top of the first, close to the bottom of the crust.

7. Paste the Mantle on the second piece of paper. Part of the blue will show near the brackets. That's okay! You can clip it out later.

8. Carefully lining up the bottom of the top blue paper, and holding tightly, fold up the bottom of paper to about 1/4 inch below the bottom of the Mantle. Then fold up the bottom blue paper up to about 1/4 inch from the bottom of the blank blue paper.
9. Staple the fold with two staples very close to the edge.

10. Paste the Outer Core on the third flap down.

11. Paste the Inner Core on the bottom flap. Paste the Inner Core Information Square to the left of the Inner Core.

12. Paste the three other squares inside the flaps, on the corresponding Layers.

13. Cut out any of the blue flaps that show. 

14. Make sure to include 2 different FACTS! about each layer


14. Write your name. CONGRATULATIONS! YOU ARE DONE AND YOU ARE AMAZING!

This is how your project should look like.

Weather and Climate

Have you ever asked yourself why in Juarez is so hot during the summer while in Mexico city is raining all the time? Or why in some areas is full of forests while others are covered with deserts? Let's find out the mysteries of climate.

Sun and Climate

We already learned that Earth is surrounded by the atmosphere, which holds a combination of gases called air, it has many layers which protect us from sun rays. The layer closest to earth is the one that determines weather. When you go out from your house and you say Oh! what a beautiful day, warm and sunny! you are describing weather. It refers to the unpredictable changes in air that take place over a short period of time.

If I ask you how is summer in Juarez or El Paso, you might say that summers here are usually very hot, well, this answer is describing climate. climate is the usual, predictable pattern of weather in an area over a large period of time.

Let's ask ourselves, what causes climate? The original source is the sun. It gives energy and light that all the plants and animals need to live. Sun's rays warm the air, water and land on our planet. Warm gases and liquids are lighter than cool gases and liquids, because they are lighter, warmer gases and liquids rise. then wind and water carry this warmth around the globe, spreading the sun's heat.

Let's also remember that earth's revolution and earth's tilt also affect climate because of the angle at which the sun's rays hit the earth. 

Wind Effect on Climate 

W      When the air moves is called wind. During a year winds follow patterns, they move east and west or  north and south. Analyze the following image. 

Warm winds are marked in red, Cool winds are marked in blue

Remember that warm air rises and cold air falls, thus, the warmer winds near the the Equator rise and move north and south toward the poles of the Earth. The colder winds from the poles sink and move toward the Equator. Since the Earth is rotating, this causes the winds to curve and be in constant motion in many directions. 

Ocean Currents 

Winds can also move water, this is called currents, they carry warm or cool water through the world's oceans. These currents affect the climate of land areas. 

Warm currents tend to move along the Equator or from the Equator to the Poles, cold ones carry only cold water toward the Equator. 

Take a look at the current called Gulf Stream, it goes from Gulf of Mexico along east coast of North America, it crosses Atlantic Ocean toward Europe where is called North Atlantic Current. When it blows over there it brings warn weather to western Europe leaving Canada with a not-so-warmer climate. This is the effect of ocean currents in climate. 

Activity #8

Create a chart like this one. Write at least two details that explain how each force contributes to climate. 

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The Water Cycle

How is it that we have water on earth? Does it change? 
Water on Earth does not stay in the same place, it moves constantly  due to a process called The Water Cycle, in which water goes from the oceans to the air to the ground and again back to the ocean, that is why it is called cycle.

Here are the steps in order of the Water Cycle:
§First, the sun heats water on earth. TRANSPIRATION

§Some of the water evaporates, turns from liquid to gas, or water vapor.

§Water gas (vapor) rises into the air.  EVAPORATION

§As it rises it cools.

§The cool causes the water to condense. CONDENSATION

§Change to droplets and join together until they create a cloud.

§When they are heavy enough ( all together) PRECIPITATION occurs.

Water falls back to earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail as INFILTRATION